Modulation effect of non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation in an ADHD rat model
Mengran Wang, Teng Wang, Hui Ji, Jiaqing Yan, Xingran Wang, Xiangjian Zhang, Xin Li, Yi Yuan
Journal of Neural Engineering 2023 · 10.1088/1741-2552/acb014
Abstract
Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) with noninvasive high penetration and high spatial resolution has an effective neuromodulatory effect on neurological diseases. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that severely affects child health. However, the neuromodulatory effects of TUS on ADHD have not been reported to date. This study aimed to investigate the neuromodulatory effects of TUS on ADHD. Approach. TUS was performed in ADHD model rats for two consecutive weeks, and the behavioral improvement of ADHD, neural activity of ADHD from neurons and neural oscillation levels, and the plasma membrane dopamine transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of ADHD rats were evaluated. Main results. TUS can improve cognitive behavior in ADHD rats, and TUS altered neuronal firing patterns and modulated the relative power and sample entropy of local field potentials in the ADHD rats. In addition, TUS can also enhance BDNF expression in the brain tissues. Significance . TUS has an effective neuromodulatory effect on ADHD and thus has the potential to clinically improve cognitive dysfunction in ADHD.
Abstract via europepmc.
Exposures
Exposure 1: TUS to prefrontal cortex, 2 weeks daily
Target: prefrontal cortex — “prefrontal cortex (1.25 mm left and right, 4.5 mm from bregma)”
Device: Olympus / Panametrics · Olympus, USA · V301-SU ✓
| Waveform | pulsed | |
|---|---|---|
| Fundamental frequency (kHz) | 500 | ✓✓✓ |
| Pulse duration (ms) | 50 | ✓✓✓⚑ |
| Pulse repetition frequency (Hz) | 1 | ✓✓✓ |
| Duty cycle (%) | 5pulse duration × PRF gives 5% | ✓✓✓ |
| Sonication duration (s) | 900 | ✓✓✓⚑ |
| Free-field pressure (kPa) | 530 | ✓✓✓ |
|---|---|---|
| Free-field Isppa (W/cm²) | 9.36 | ✓✓✓ |
| Free-field Ispta (W/cm²) | not reported | |
| In-situ estimate | not reported | |
| In-situ pressure (kPa) | not reported | |
| In-situ Isppa (W/cm²) | not reported | |
| In-situ Ispta (W/cm²) | not reported |
500 kHz, PRF 1 Hz, duty cycle 5%, stimulation duration 50 ms; stimulation performed continuously for 2 weeks for 15 min each time.
Flags from extraction
exposures[0].timing.pulse_duration_ms— Paper calls the 50 ms value the 'stimulation duration'; recorded as the pulse duration because it equals duty cycle / PRF (5% of 1 s).exposures[0].timing.sonication_duration_s— 15 min converted to 900 s; paper states 15 min per daily session.exposures[0].unspecified_domain.pressure_kpa— Hydrophone measurement 5 mm below the collimator; medium and skull path not stated.n_subjects— 90 rats (30 per strain) are stated in total, split into TUS and control groups; the number exposed is not stated, so not computed.exposures[0].unspecified_domain.isppa_w_cm2— Source text garbles the Isppa unit and the sentence ends with 'respectively'; value read as 9.36 W/cm2.anaesthesia— Isoflurane described for electrode surgery only; state during TUS and recording not stated.auditory_control— Three deaf rats per group were stimulated and EEG power compared (supplementary figure).