Modulation of EEG Frequency Characteristics by Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation in a Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy Model
Taekyung Kim, Taewoo Kim, Jaesoon Joo, Ikhyun Ryu, Seunghoon Lee, Eunkyoung Park, Young-Min Shon
IEEE Access 2021 · 10.1109/access.2021.3073506
rodentepilepsyeeg meghistology molecular
Speciesrat (Sprague-Dawley)
Subjects16 animals
Sessions per subjectnot reported
Randomisedyes
Blindingnot reported
Sham / controlno treatment control
Auditory controlnot reported
Readout timingboth
Anaesthesiaanaesthetised
Readoutseeg meg, histology molecular — Scalp EEG time-frequency analysis (band power, peak frequency); Nissl, Iba1, c-Fos and GAD65 staining
Direction of effectinhibitoryIn the PTZ seizure model, LIFUS lowered delta and theta peak frequency and theta and beta band power relative to the untreated group, and histology showed less damage, lower c-Fos and higher GAD65 expression.
Adverse eventsnot reported
Exposures
Exposure 1: LIFUS, three parameter sets (#1-#3)
Target: hippocampus, anterior thalamic nucleus — “hippocampus and anteroventral thalamus”
Device: Sonic Concepts · Sonic Concepts · H-101 ✓
| Waveform | pulsed | |
|---|---|---|
| Fundamental frequency (kHz) | 1,100 | ✓✓✓ |
| Pulse duration (ms) | 0.5 | ✓✓✓ |
| Pulse repetition frequency (Hz) | 100 | ✓✓✓⚑ |
| Duty cycle (%) | 5pulse duration × PRF gives 5% | ✓✓✓ |
| Sonication duration (s) | 180 | ✓✓✓⚑ |
| Free-field pressure (kPa) | not reported | |
|---|---|---|
| Free-field Isppa (W/cm²) | not reported | |
| Free-field Ispta (W/cm²) | not reported | |
| In-situ estimate | deratingsingle value | |
| In-situ pressure (kPa) | 274, 295, 310swept | ✓✓✓ |
| In-situ Isppa (W/cm²) | 2.6, 2.74, 3swept | ✓✓✓⚑ |
| In-situ Ispta (W/cm²) | 0.13, 0.137, 0.15swept | ✓✓✓ |
Protocol, in the paper’s words
Three 3 min sonications (tone-burst duration 0.5 ms, pulse repetition interval 10 ms) delivered every 10 min starting 5 min after PTZ injection in the treated group; the untreated group was not sonicated.
Flags from extraction
n_subjects— 29 rats were stated; 25 used; 23 in the two PTZ groups (7 untreated, 16 LIFUS) plus 2 normal. Recorded the 16 sonicated animals.exposures[0].in_situ.isppa_w_cm2— Table 1 intensities are described as measured/estimated at the target brain area (NEMA method) with skull attenuation (46.5%) compensated; recorded as in_situ derating. Ispta given in mW/cm2 in the table, converted to W/cm2.exposures[0].timing.pulse_repetition_frequency_hz— Given as a pulse repetition interval of 10 ms, converted to 100 Hz.exposures[0].target.terms— Target is named only in the Discussion ('hippocampus and anteroventral thalamus'); the Methods say 'desired target area'.sham_type— The untreated group underwent PTZ and EEG without LIFUS; the abstract calls it 'untreated (sham)'. No device-in-place sham is described.exposures[0].timing.sonication_duration_s— Three 3 min sonications per animal; 180 s is the length of one train.